Clinical standards
Scope and standards documents, specialty association guidance, and professional frameworks inform role expectations, clinical boundaries, and case realism.
References
Grounded in nursing standards, evidence, and practice review.
Bedside Coach is built on nursing standards, peer-reviewed literature, educational frameworks, specialty guidance, and hands-on review from experienced nurses. This page is here to make that foundation easier to understand.
Below you will find the major evidence areas that inform the app, followed by a searchable bibliography of the linked sources currently supporting the platform.
Nursing Standards
Peer-Reviewed Studies
CJMM + Competency
Communication
Specialty Practice
Quality + Safety
Usable source library
120
linked sources currently listed on the Bedside Coach references page.
What informs the app
Clinical standards, specialty guidance, communication research, educational frameworks, safety literature, and nurse review.
Why this matters
Clear sourcing supports credibility with students, faculty, partners, and anyone evaluating how the app is grounded.
How To Read This Page
What these references support inside Bedside Coach.
Teaching design
Competency-based education, communication rubrics, CJMM-adjacent thinking, and simulation literature shape how sessions are structured and reviewed.
Scenario content
Thematic evidence around palliative care, incivility, maternal health, pediatrics, mental health, grief, and safety helps ground scenario types and coaching priorities.
Evidence Areas
The bibliography is broad because the product is broad.
Professional scope and standards
ANA, specialty associations, staffing standards, and nursing scope documents support baseline role expectations and workflow realism.
Therapeutic communication
Communication research informs introductions, patient education, difficult conversations, motivational interviewing, and end-of-life dialogue.
Civility and workplace dynamics
Incivility literature supports scenarios involving team dynamics, conflict, escalation, and professional conduct under pressure.
Specialty nursing contexts
Maternal-newborn, pediatric, psychiatric-mental health, palliative, and medical-surgical sources inform case diversity across the app.
Quality and safety
Safety, staffing, systems thinking, and quality literature support prioritization, escalation, and higher-stakes judgment calls.
Continuous review
The bibliography is not static. As Bedside Coach expands features like role-aware feedback and scope-specific workflows, this page should keep growing with it.
Scope-Of-Practice Alignment
Role-aware and state-aligned by design.
Bedside Coach is designed as a state-aligned educational simulation tool. Our grading, coaching, and learner guidance are authored to reflect the selected nursing role and the selected state practice standard, rather than applying one generic national rubric to every user.
The platform separates role selection from practice-standard selection. This means an RN and an LVN/LPN can be graded differently within the same case, and those expectations can also change by state when scope-of-practice rules differ. This includes differences in independent assessment, care planning, delegation and supervision expectations, escalation thresholds, and conservative handling of IV medication workflows.
Supported state standards
California, New York, Texas, Florida, Nevada, Arizona, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Utah, North Carolina, and Virginia.
How standards are authored
Each active standard is authored using publicly available state statutes, board of nursing regulations, guidance documents, and internal clinical review.
Conservative educational handling
Where LVN/LPN rules are nuanced, especially around IV therapy, delegation, or supervision, Bedside Coach uses a conservative educational interpretation unless a more specific state mode has been intentionally built and reviewed.
Bedside Coach is an educational support tool, not legal advice, not a substitute for employer policy, and not a replacement for faculty judgment, board interpretation, or direct clinical supervision. Learners and institutions should always follow their state board rules, program requirements, employer policy, and local clinical leadership.
Peer Review And Case Validation
Academic references plus ongoing nurse review.
Bedside Coach cases are built from academic references and continuously strengthened through nurse peer review. Reviewed cases are scored on a 4-point Likert scale across patient realism, case summary quality, assessment cues, nursing priorities, and safety or escalation framing, then revised using written reviewer feedback.
Bedside Coach is designed as a case-based nursing education tool grounded in academic references, clinical reasoning frameworks, and continuous nurse peer review. Our goal is not only to create engaging scenarios, but to make sure the cases feel realistic, educationally useful, and clinically responsible.
Overall average Likert score
As of April 8, 2026: 3.84 / 4.00
Overall recommendation average
4.00 / 4.00
Current review spread
Scored reviews currently span intro, intermediate, and advanced med-surg, mental health, pediatrics, and obstetrics.
Patient snapshot
3.92 / 4.00
Case summary
3.90 / 4.00
Key assessment cues
3.80 / 4.00
Expected nursing priorities
3.60 / 4.00
Safety / escalation points
3.96 / 4.00
How the scores are used
Scores reflect completed scored reviews currently on file and will continue to update as additional cases are reviewed.
Each reviewed case is evaluated by licensed nurses using a structured 4-point Likert scale across five areas:
Patient Snapshot Realism
Case Summary Accuracy And Clarity
Quality Of Key Assessment Cues
Expected Nursing Priorities
Safety And Escalation Framing
How peer review works
1. A case is drafted from the Bedside Coach diagnosis manual and supporting references.
2. A licensed nurse reviews the case summary, key cues, nursing priorities, and safety or escalation points.
3. The reviewer rates the case using a 4-point Likert scale and may add written suggestions.
4. Feedback is logged, tracked, and incorporated into future case revisions where appropriate.
Examples of revision impact
Recent peer review feedback has already helped strengthen realism in female-presenting ACS symptoms, high-acuity GI bleed resuscitation and transfusion workflow, mania duration and sleep-restoration framing, and medication-adherence teaching in psychosis cases.
Why this matters
This continuous review process helps improve the educational quality, clinical realism, and transparency of the Bedside Coach case library as it grows.
Current nurse peer reviewer panel and invited reviewers
Austin Chandler, MSN, RN, PMHNP-BC
Brandon Hoang, MSN, RN, FNP
Eduardo Pantoja, BSN, RN
Jennifer Pixley, MSN, BSN, RN, PHN, CCRN, CEN, SCRN
Kathleen Anich, BSN, RN
Martin Carter, LVN
Leslie Robinson, BSN, RN
Selected reviewer feedback
"The scenarios tell a pretty realistic story."
"This case does a good job helping learners recognize the seriousness of the situation."
"This feels very sim-ready and high value for bedside teaching."
"I was hoping to see realistic workflow for nursing. Glad that it's here."
"The segmented scenarios are great for focusing the nurse on how to prioritize."
"Refreshing to see simulation cases that are just for nursing, not just an afterthought thrown into other disciplines."
Bedside Coach is an educational tool and does not replace clinical judgment, faculty oversight, institutional policy, or provider direction. Peer review is one part of our ongoing effort to improve realism, safety framing, and educational quality.
Full Bibliography
Browse the complete linked source list.
Showing all 120 sources.
- 1.3: Regulations and Standards - Medicine LibreTexts
- 17 Therapeutic Communication Techniques - Rivier Academics
- A Blueprint for Practice: Pediatric Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice - Journal of Pediatric Health Care
- A Clinical Incivility Management Module for Nursing Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study
- A conceptual model of the nurse's role as primary palliative care provider in goals of care communication
- AANA, AORN, ASPAN Collaborative White Paper Addressing Workplace Incivility Among Perioperative Nursing Team Members
- ANA Code of Ethics - American Nurses Association
- ANA Position Statement: Nurses' Roles and Responsibilities in Providing Care and Support at the End of Life
- ANA Standards for Excellence Institute - American Nurses Association
- Adaptation of the incivility in nursing education-revised survey: a validity and reliability study
- Addressing challenges in end of life communication with patients and families
- Addressing Incivility and Bullying at Wayne State University's College of Nursing: A Framework for Prevention and Accountability
- An End-of-Life Communication Performance Rubric: Reliability Assessment
- An Online Cross-Sectional Study of Nursing Students' Perceptions of Workplace Incivility in Nursing Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic - Sage Journals
- An assessment of nurse-patient therapeutic communication and patient satisfaction with nursing care in multiple healthcare settings: A study in Saudi Arabia - Sciedu
- Application of an empowerment model to improve civility in nursing education
- Approaches to Limit Intervention During Labor and Birth - ACOG
- Assessment of the nurse-patient interaction competence in undergraduate nursing students
- Association Between Nurses' Experiences of Workplace Incivility and Caring Responsibilities: A Cross-Sectional Study - Sage Journals
- AWHONN Guidelines for Perioperative Practice - AORN
- Bereavement support guidelines for caregivers in palliative care: a scoping review
- Building Palliative Care Communication Skills for Registered Nurses
- Challenges in effective communication for end-of-life decision making in clinical practice
- Chapter 17 Grief and Loss - Nursing Fundamentals - NCBI Bookshelf
- Chapter 2 Therapeutic Communication and the Nurse-Client Relationship - NCBI - NIH
- Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) | AANN - American Association of Neuroscience Nurses
- Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care, 4th Edition - National Coalition for Hospice and Palliative Care
- Clinical Practice Guidelines: Concussion - Society of Pediatric Nurses
- Comfort with Communication in Palliative and End of Life Care (C-COPE)
- Contributions of the Communication and Management of Bad News in Nursing to the Readaptation Process in Palliative Care: A Scoping Review
- Conversations to inspire and promote a more civil workplace - American Nurse Journal
- Core Competencies for Academic Nurse Educators - NLN
- Culturally sensitive grief treatment and support: a scoping review - ScienceDirect.com
- Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping After Birth - ACOG
- Developing and validating the nurse-patient relationship scale (NPRS) in China - PMC
- Development and Validation of the Therapeutic Communication Scale in Nursing Students - PMC
- Empowering Nurses to Build a Culture of Civility - ScienceDirect.com
- End-of-Life Assessments and Communication for Dying Patients and Their Families
- Enhancing Nursing Communication in Palliative Care Through the COMFORT Model's Connect Module
- Evaluating the Impact of the End-of-Life Nursing Consortium Curricula: A Systematic Review of Assessments and Outcomes
- Evaluating the therapeutic communication skills of nursing students in the clinical setting: The experiences of students, patients and patients' relatives - ScienceDirect
- Full article: Experiences of grief and loss among registered nurses in residential aged care facilities: A qualitative descriptive study
- Fundamentals of end-of-life communication as part of advance care planning for older people: An interview study with nursing staff
- Fundamentals of end-of-life communication as part of advance care planning from the perspective of nursing staff, older people, and family caregivers: a scoping review
- Grief and Bereavement – Nursing Care at the End of Life - Milne Publishing
- Guidelines for Professional Registered Nurse Staffing for Perinatal Units - Nursing for Women's Health
- Helping Nurses Cope With Grief and Compassion Fatigue: An Educational Intervention
- Hospital-Based Triage of Obstetric Patients - ACOG
- HOSPICE AND PALLIATIVE NURSES ASSOCIATION RESEARCH AGENDA
- How to talk about dying? The development of an evidence-based model for communication with patients in their last days of life and their family caregivers
- Incivility in Nursing - North Carolina Board of Nursing
- Incivility in nursing settings: A critical yet challenging issue for novice nurses
- Incivility in the Online and Hybrid Learning Environment During the COVID-19 Pandemic Era - Nursing Education Perspectives
- Incivility toward nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC
- Inclusion of Psychiatric–Mental Health Advanced Practice Nurses in Primary Care - Psychiatric Services
- Integrating Competency-Based Education in the Nursing Curriculum - NLN
- Interventions for improving mobility after hip fracture surgery in adults - Cochrane Library
- Interventions to Address Clinical Incivility in Nursing: A Systematic Review - MDPI
- Interventions to Address Clinical Incivility in Nursing: A Systematic Review - PMC
- Management of Nursing Workplace Incivility in the Health Care Settings: A Systematic Review - Nancy Armstrong, 2018 - Sage Journals
- Motivational Interviewing - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf - NIH
- Motivational Interviewing: An Evidence-Based Approach for Use in Medical Practice - PMC
- Motivational interviewing: A communication best practice - American Nurse Journal
- NAPNAP Journal and Books - NAPNAP
- NAPNAP Partners for Vulnerable Youth Position Statement on Trauma-Informed Care (2024) - NAPNAP
- NAPNAP Position Statement on Child Health Equity (2024) - NAPNAP
- NAPNAP Position Statement on Communicable Disease Prevention Through Immunization (2025) - NAPNAP
- NAPNAP Position Statement on Identification and Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in the Pediatric Population (2021) - NAPNAP
- NAPNAP: Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Association - NAPNAP
- Navigating end-of-life decision-making in nursing: a systematic review of ethical challenges and palliative care practices
- Navigating the nursing incivility epidemic: Understanding and addressing incivility in nursing education - ScienceDirect
- Navigating the shadows: The lived experiences of nursing students facing faculty incivility
- Newly qualified graduate nurses' experiences of workplace incivility in healthcare settings: An integrative review. - Monash University
- Nurse leadership in promoting and supporting civility in health care settings: A scoping review - PMC
- Nurses' Identification of Important yet Under-Utilized End-of-Life Care Skills for Patients with Life-Limiting or Terminal Illnesses
- Nurses' Subjectivity in Patient-Centered Communication for End-of-Life Patients
- Nurses' Subjectivity in Patient-Centered Communication for End-of-Life Patients
- Nurse–patient communication in palliative care: an evaluation of a communication skills programme
- Nursing - Standards and Conceptual Approach - NCBI
- Nursing Leadership Scope and Standards of Practice, 3rd Edition - ANA
- Nursing Scope and Standards of Practice | ANA
- Nursing care and nurses' understandings of grief and bereavement among patients and families during cancer illness and death – A scoping review - ScienceDirect
- Optimal timing of cord clamping for the prevention of iron deficiency anaemia in infants - WHO
- Palliative and end-of-life care
- Pediatric Nursing Excellence Model - Society of Pediatric Nurses
- Pediatric Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, 2nd Ed - ANA
- Practice Briefs - AWHONN
- Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, 3rd Edition (2022) - APNA
- Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing: Scope & Standards of Practice - APNA
- Quality and Safety in Nursing: Recommendations From a Systematic Review - PMC
- Registered Nurses' attitudes towards end‐of‐life care: A sequential explanatory mixed method study
- Registered nurses' experiences of communication with patients after the end-of-life breakpoint communication: A pilot interview study
- Relationship between grief and coping strategies among nurses dealing with patient deaths: a descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational study - NIH
- Research The effects of an incivility-based virtual simulation on nursing students perceived self-efficacy - ScienceDirect.com
- Respectful Maternity Care Framework and Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline (2022) - JOGNN
- Scope and Standards of Medical-Surgical Nursing Practice, 7th Edition - AMSN
- Scope of Practice of Psychiatric- Mental Health Nursing - ANA
- Significant aspects of nursing within the process of end-of-life communication in an oncological context
- Society of Pediatric Nurses' Core Competencies for the Pediatric Nurse Residency Program - Journal of Pediatric Nursing
- Standards and Conceptual Approach – Community and Population Health Nursing - Texas State University
- Standards and Conceptual Approach | Nursing Management and Professional Concepts - CUNY
- Standards for Professional Nursing Practice in the Care of Women and Newborns, 9th Edition - JOGNN
- Staffing Standards Executive Summary - AWHONN
- Standards for Professional Registered Nurse Staffing for Perinatal Units (2024) - AWHONN
- Substance Use Disorder Treatment for People With Co-Occurring Disorders (TIP 42) - SAMHSA
- Supported Position Statements and Other Documents - NAPNAP
- Systems thinking and incivility in nursing practice: an integrative review. | PSNet
- The 2014 Scope and Standards of Practice for Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing - OJIN
- The 2023-2026 Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association Research Agenda
- The 2023–2026 Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association Research Agenda
- The Essentials: Competencies for Professional Nursing Education - AACN
- The ISBAR Interprofessional Communication Rubric (IICR) | Healthcare Simulation
- The integrated process model of loss and grief - An interprofessional understanding
- The prevalence of incivility in hospitals and the effects of incivility on patient safety culture and outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis - 2025 - Journal of Advanced Nursing
- Therapeutic Communication - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf - NIH
- Therapeutic Communication Techniques - American Nurse Journal
- Toolkit - Zero Suicide - EDC
- Using Cognitive Rehearsal to Address Nurse-Nurse Incivility - Sigma Repository
- Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis During Antepartum and Postpartum Hospitalizations - PMC
- Workplace incivility: Insidious, pervasive and harmful - Jackson - Wiley Online Library