Grounded in Evidence-Based Practice

Bedside Coach is grounded in evidence-based nursing practices, drawing from real-world clinical data, educational frameworks like the Clinical Judgment Measurement Model (CJMM), and peer-reviewed research to ensure authenticity and relevance. Beyond these foundational sources, our app has been rigorously tested with real student nurses and practicing nurses to refine its usability and effectiveness in simulating high-stakes scenarios. All cases have also been meticulously reviewed by experienced nurses to align with best practices and real-life clinical demands. Below is a comprehensive list of the key references that informed our development—if you'd like to explore them further, we've included links where available.

  1. 1.3: Regulations and Standards - Medicine LibreTexts - https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Nursing_Fundamentals_(OpenRN)/01:_Scope_of_Practice/1.03:_Regulations_and_Standards

  2. 17 Therapeutic Communication Techniques - Rivier Academics - https://www.rivier.edu/academics/blog-posts/17-therapeutic-communication-techniques

  3. A Blueprint for Practice: Pediatric Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice - Journal of Pediatric Health Care - https://www.jpedhc.org/article/S0891-5245(13)00337-4/fulltext

  4. A Clinical Incivility Management Module for Nursing Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study - https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/19/2680

  5. A conceptual model of the nurse's role as primary palliative care provider in goals of care communication - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10828588

  6. AANA, AORN, ASPAN Collaborative White Paper Addressing Workplace Incivility Among Perioperative Nursing Team Members - https://www.aana.com/file-download/aana-aorn-aspan-collaborative-white-paper-addressing-workplace-incivility-among-perioperative-nursing-team-members

  7. ANA Code of Ethics - American Nurses Association - https://codeofethics.ana.org/home

  8. ANA Position Statement: Nurses' Roles and Responsibilities in Providing Care and Support at the End of Life - https://ojin.nursingworld.org/table-of-contents/volume-30-2025/number-3-september-2025/column-end-of-life

  9. ANA Standards for Excellence Institute - American Nurses Association - https://www.nursingworld.org/ana/about-ana/standards

  10. Adaptation of the incivility in nursing education-revised survey: a validity and reliability study - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12912-025-03132-7

  11. Addressing challenges in end of life communication with patients and families - https://journals.rcni.com/nursing-standard/evidence-and-practice/addressing-challenges-in-end-of-life-communication-with-patients-and-families-ns.2023.e12048

  12. Addressing Incivility and Bullying at Wayne State University's College of Nursing: A Framework for Prevention and Accountability - https://nursing.wayne.edu/addressing-bullying-at-wayne-state-universitys-college-of-nursing-a-framework-for-prevention-and-accountability.pdf

  13. An End-of-Life Communication Performance Rubric: Reliability Assessment - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34050097

  14. An Online Cross-Sectional Study of Nursing Students' Perceptions of Workplace Incivility in Nursing Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic - Sage Journals - https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/23779608241271694

  15. An assessment of nurse-patient therapeutic communication and patient satisfaction with nursing care in multiple healthcare settings: A study in Saudi Arabia - Sciedu - https://www.sciedupress.com/journal/index.php/jnep/article/download/24500/15342

  16. Application of an empowerment model to improve civility in nursing education - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1471595313001285

  17. Approaches to Limit Intervention During Labor and Birth - ACOG - https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2019/02/approaches-to-limit-intervention-during-labor-and-birth

  18. Assessment of the nurse-patient interaction competence in undergraduate nursing students - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0260691720314775

  19. Association Between Nurses' Experiences of Workplace Incivility and Caring Responsibilities: A Cross-Sectional Study - Sage Journals - https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/23779608251340682

  20. AWHONN Guidelines for Perioperative Practice - AORN - https://www.aorn.org/guidelines-resources/guidelines-for-perioperative-practice

  21. Bereavement support guidelines for caregivers in palliative care: a scoping review - https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1541783/full

  22. Building Palliative Care Communication Skills for Registered Nurses - https://www.usuhs.edu/research/centers/tsnrp/research/funded-study/65720

  23. Challenges in effective communication for end-of-life decision making in clinical practice - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21548331.2025.2537618

  24. Chapter 17 Grief and Loss - Nursing Fundamentals - NCBI Bookshelf - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK591827

  25. Chapter 2 Therapeutic Communication and the Nurse-Client Relationship - NCBI - NIH - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590036

  26. Chapter 2 Therapeutic Communication and the Nurse-Client Relationship - Nursing: Mental Health and Community Concepts - NCBI Bookshelf - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK590036

  27. Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) | AANN - American Association of Neuroscience Nurses - https://aann.org/education/clinical-practice-guidelines

  28. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care, 4th Edition - National Coalition for Hospice and Palliative Care - https://www.nationalcoalitionhpc.org/ncp-guidelines

  29. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Concussion - Society of Pediatric Nurses - https://learning.pedsnurses.org/products/clinical-practice-guidelines-concussion

  30. Comfort with Communication in Palliative and End of Life Care (C-COPE) - https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/con_pubs/65

  31. Contributions of the Communication and Management of Bad News in Nursing to the Readaptation Process in Palliative Care: A Scoping Review - https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/15/6806

  32. Conversations to inspire and promote a more civil workplace - American Nurse Journal - https://www.myamericannurse.com/cne-civility

  33. Core Competencies for Academic Nurse Educators - NLN - https://www.nln.org/education/nursing-education-competencies/core-competencies-for-academic-nurse-educators

  34. Culturally sensitive grief treatment and support: a scoping review - ScienceDirect.com - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666560324000306

  35. Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping After Birth - ACOG - https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2020/12/delayed-umbilical-cord-clamping-after-birth

  36. Developing and validating the nurse-patient relationship scale (NPRS) in China - PMC - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11034141

  37. Development and Validation of the Therapeutic Communication Scale in Nursing Students - PMC - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10855793

  38. Empowering Nurses to Build a Culture of Civility - ScienceDirect.com - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1546084322000025

  39. End-of-Life Assessments and Communication for Dying Patients and Their Families - https://www.e-jhpc.org/journal/view.html?uid=483&vmd=Full

  40. Enhancing Nursing Communication in Palliative Care Through the COMFORT Model's Connect Module - https://practicalimplementationofnursingscience.org/en/articles/10.29024/pins.121

  41. Evaluating the Impact of the End-of-Life Nursing Consortium Curricula: A Systematic Review of Assessments and Outcomes - https://journals.lww.com/jhpn/fulltext/2025/12000/evaluating_the_impact_of_the_end_of_life_nursing.10.aspx

  42. Evaluating the therapeutic communication skills of nursing students in the clinical setting: The experiences of students, patients and patients' relatives - ScienceDirect - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402500057X

  43. Frontiers | Bereavement support guidelines for caregivers in palliative care: a scoping review - https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1541783/full

  44. Full article: Experiences of grief and loss among registered nurses in residential aged care facilities: A qualitative descriptive study - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07481187.2025.2513995

  45. Fundamentals of end-of-life communication as part of advance care planning for older people: An interview study with nursing staff - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0197457224002830

  46. Fundamentals of end-of-life communication as part of advance care planning from the perspective of nursing staff, older people, and family caregivers: a scoping review - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12912-023-01523-2

  47. Grief and Bereavement – Nursing Care at the End of Life - Milne Publishing - https://milnepublishing.geneseo.edu/nursingcare/chapter/grief-and-bereavement

  48. Guidelines for Professional Registered Nurse Staffing for Perinatal Units - Nursing for Women's Health - https://www.nwhjournal.org/article/S1751-4851(15)30553-5/fulltext

  49. Helping Nurses Cope With Grief and Compassion Fatigue: An Educational Intervention - https://www.ons.org/publications-research/cjon/18/4/helping-nurses-cope-grief-and-compassion-fatigue-educational

  50. Hospital-Based Triage of Obstetric Patients - ACOG - https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2016/07/hospital-based-triage-of-obstetric-patients

  51. HOSPICE AND PALLIATIVE NURSES ASSOCIATION RESEARCH AGENDA - https://www.advancingexpertcare.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2023-2026-Research-Agenda-3.pdf

  52. How to talk about dying? The development of an evidence-based model for communication with patients in their last days of life and their family caregivers - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772628224000578

  53. Incivility in Nursing - North Carolina Board of Nursing - https://www.ncbon.com/publications/incivility-nursing

  54. Incivility in nursing settings: A critical yet challenging issue for novice nurses - https://www.jnursrcp.com/article_227503.html

  55. Incivility in the Online and Hybrid Learning Environment During the COVID-19 Pandemic Era - Nursing Education Perspectives - https://journals.lww.com/neponline/fulltext/2024/03000/incivility_in_the_online_and_hybrid_learning.11.aspx

  56. Incivility toward nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8696574

  57. Inclusion of Psychiatric–Mental Health Advanced Practice Nurses in Primary Care - Psychiatric Services - https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ps.20230321

  58. Integrating Competency-Based Education in the Nursing Curriculum - NLN - https://www.nln.org/docs/default-source/default-document-library/vision-series_integrating-competency-based-education-in-the-nursing-curriculumd6eb0a1e-1f8b-4d60-bc4f-619f5e75b445.pdf

  59. Interventions for improving mobility after hip fracture surgery in adults - Cochrane Library - https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001704.pub5/full

  60. Interventions to Address Clinical Incivility in Nursing: A Systematic Review - MDPI - https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4403/15/6/199

  61. Interventions to Address Clinical Incivility in Nursing: A Systematic Review - PMC - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12195676

  62. Management of Nursing Workplace Incivility in the Health Care Settings: A Systematic Review - Nancy Armstrong, 2018 - Sage Journals - https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2165079918771106

  63. Motivational Interviewing - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf - NIH - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK589705

  64. Motivational Interviewing: An Evidence-Based Approach for Use in Medical Practice - PMC - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8200683

  65. Motivational interviewing: A communication best practice - American Nurse Journal - https://www.myamericannurse.com/motivational-interviewing

  66. NAPNAP Journal and Books - NAPNAP - https://www.napnap.org/napnap-journal-and-books

  67. NAPNAP Partners for Vulnerable Youth Position Statement on Trauma-Informed Care (2024) - NAPNAP - https://www.napnap.org/napnap-partners-for-vulnerable-youth-position-statement-on-trauma-informed-care

  68. NAPNAP Position Statement on Child Health Equity (2024) - NAPNAP - https://www.napnap.org/napnap-position-statement-on-child-health-equity

  69. NAPNAP Position Statement on Communicable Disease Prevention Through Immunization (2025) - NAPNAP - https://www.napnap.org/napnap-updates-position-statement-on-communicable-disease-prevention-through-immunization

  70. NAPNAP Position Statement on Identification and Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in the Pediatric Population (2021) - NAPNAP - https://www.napnap.org/napnap-updates-position-statement-on-identification-and-prevention-of-overweight-and-obesity-in-the-pediatric-population

  71. NAPNAP: Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Association - NAPNAP - https://www.napnap.org/

  72. Navigating end-of-life decision-making in nursing: a systematic review of ethical challenges and palliative care practices - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12912-024-02087-5

  73. Navigating the nursing incivility epidemic: Understanding and addressing incivility in nursing education - ScienceDirect - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S8755722324001959

  74. Navigating the shadows: The lived experiences of nursing students facing faculty incivility - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1557308725001453

  75. Newly qualified graduate nurses' experiences of workplace incivility in healthcare settings: An integrative review. - Monash University - https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/newly-qualified-graduate-nurses-experiences-of-workplace-incivili

  76. Nurse leadership in promoting and supporting civility in health care settings: A scoping review - PMC - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10098756

  77. Nurses' Identification of Important yet Under-Utilized End-of-Life Care Skills for Patients with Life-Limiting or Terminal Illnesses - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2938887

  78. Nurses' Subjectivity in Patient-Centered Communication for End-of-Life Patients - https://journals.lww.com/jhpn/fulltext/2023/12000/nurses__subjectivity_in_patient_centered.13.aspx

  79. Nurses' Subjectivity in Patient-Centered Communication for End-of-Life Patients - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10637299

  80. Nurse–patient communication in palliative care: an evaluation of a communication skills programme - https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1191/026921698675034697

  81. Nursing - Standards and Conceptual Approach - NCBI - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK617013

  82. Nursing Leadership Scope and Standards of Practice, 3rd Edition - ANA - https://www.nursingworld.org/globalassets/catalog/sample-chapters/nursingleadership_sample-chapter.pdf

  83. Nursing Scope and Standards of Practice | ANA - https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/scope-of-practice

  84. Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, 4th Edition - ANA - https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/scope-of-practice

  85. Nursing care and nurses' understandings of grief and bereavement among patients and families during cancer illness and death – A scoping review - ScienceDirect - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462388922001685

  86. Optimal timing of cord clamping for the prevention of iron deficiency anaemia in infants - WHO - https://www.who.int/tools/elena/interventions/cord-clamping

  87. Palliative and end-of-life care - https://rnao.ca/bpg/long-term-care-toolkit/topics/palliative-and-end-of-life-care

  88. Pediatric Nursing Excellence Model - Society of Pediatric Nurses - https://www.pedsnurses.org/pediatric-nursing-excellence

  89. Pediatric Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, 2nd Ed - ANA - https://www.nursingworld.org/nurses-books/pediatric-nursing-scope-and-standards-of-practice-2nd-ed?srsltid=AfmBOorwDKFYqWmbaEvNdvWdN_LtcJoqPRRRbSqn6zSOF6a5jRlmzC56

  90. Practice Briefs - AWHONN - https://www.awhonn.org/resources-and-information/published-resources/practice-briefs

  91. Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, 3rd Edition (2022) - APNA - https://www.apna.org/publications/scope-standards-2

  92. Psychiatric–Mental Health Nursing: Scope & Standards of Practice - APNA - https://www.apna.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/12-11-20-PMH_Nursing_Scope_and_Standards_for_Public_Comment.pdf

  93. Quality and Safety in Nursing: Recommendations From a Systematic Review - PMC - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11198958

  94. Registered Nurses' attitudes towards end‐of‐life care: A sequential explanatory mixed method study - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jocn.16787

  95. Registered nurses' experiences of communication with patients after the end-of-life breakpoint communication: A pilot interview study - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666142X24000900

  96. Relationship between grief and coping strategies among nurses dealing with patient deaths: a descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational study - NIH - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12107884

  97. Research The effects of an incivility-based virtual simulation on nursing students perceived self-efficacy - ScienceDirect.com - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1557308724000507

  98. Respectful Maternity Care Framework and Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline (2022) - JOGNN - https://www.jognn.org/article/s0884-2175(22)00001-6/fulltext

  99. Scope and Standards of Medical-Surgical Nursing Practice, 7th Edition - AMSN - https://amsn.org/Practice-Resources/Scope-and-Standards

  100. Scope of Practice of Psychiatric- Mental Health Nursing - ANA - https://pages.nursingworld.org/hubfs/Psych%20Mental%20Health%20Sample%20Chapter.pdf

  101. Significant aspects of nursing within the process of end-of-life communication in an oncological context - https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2057158518802564

  102. Society of Pediatric Nurses' Core Competencies for the Pediatric Nurse Residency Program - Journal of Pediatric Nursing - https://www.pediatricnursing.org/article/S0882-5963(17)30618-8/fulltext

  103. Standards and Conceptual Approach – Community and Population Health Nursing - Texas State University - https://pressbooks.txst.edu/nursingcph/front-matter/standards-and-professional-approach

  104. Standards and Conceptual Approach | Nursing Management and Professional Concepts - CUNY - https://cuny.manifoldapp.org/read/nursing-management-and-professional-concepts-2e/section/f3618ae4-8944-4f74-8289-285cb8aa4b9c

  105. Standards for Professional Nursing Practice in the Care of Women and Newborns, 9th Edition - JOGNN - https://www.jognn.org/article/S0884-2175(23)00246-0/fulltext

  106. Staffing Standards Executive Summary - AWHONN - https://www.awhonn.org/resources-and-information/published-resources/staffing-exec-summary

  107. Standards for Professional Registered Nurse Staffing for Perinatal Units (2024) - AWHONN - https://www.awhonn.org/resources-and-information/published-resources/staffing-standards

  108. Substance Use Disorder Treatment for People With Co-Occurring Disorders (TIP 42) - SAMHSA - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK571020

  109. Supported Position Statements and Other Documents - NAPNAP - https://www.napnap.org/supported-position-statements-and-other-documents

  110. Systems thinking and incivility in nursing practice: an integrative review. | PSNet - https://psnet.ahrq.gov/issue/systems-thinking-and-incivility-nursing-practice-integrative-review

  111. The 2014 Scope and Standards of Practice for Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing - OJIN - https://ojin.nursingworld.org/table-of-contents/volume-20-2015/number-1-january-2015/2014-scope-and-standards-for-psychiatric-mental-health

  112. The 2023-2026 Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association Research Agenda - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36843048

  113. The 2023–2026 Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association Research Agenda - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11615779

  114. The Essentials: Competencies for Professional Nursing Education - AACN - https://www.aacnnursing.org/Portals/0/PDFs/Publications/Essentials-2021.pdf

  115. The ISBAR Interprofessional Communication Rubric (IICR) | Healthcare Simulation - https://www.healthysimulation.com/tools/evaluating-healthcare-simulation/the-isbar-interprofessional-communication-rubric-iicr

  116. The integrated process model of loss and grief - An interprofessional understanding - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07481187.2023.2272960

  117. The prevalence of incivility in hospitals and the effects of incivility on patient safety culture and outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis - 2025 - Journal of Advanced Nursing - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jan.16111

  118. Therapeutic Communication - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf - NIH - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567775

  119. Therapeutic Communication Techniques - American Nurse Journal - https://www.myamericannurse.com/therapeutic-communication-techniques

  120. Toolkit - Zero Suicide - EDC - https://zerosuicide.edc.org/toolkit

  121. Using Cognitive Rehearsal to Address Nurse-Nurse Incivility - Sigma Repository - https://www.sigmarepository.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5109&context=inrc&filename=1&type=additional

  122. Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis During Antepartum and Postpartum Hospitalizations - PMC - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5598775

  123. Workplace incivility: Insidious, pervasive and harmful - Jackson - Wiley Online Library - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/inm.13315